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Understand derivatives

Learn contracts, pricing, Greeks, volatility, expiry and risk.

  1. 1Futures contract identity and obligations
  2. 2Underlying, price unit, lot and multiplier
  3. 3Expiry series, near/mid/far contracts and rolling
  4. 4Futures price, synchronized spot and basis
  5. 5Contango, backwardation and curve shape
  6. 6Open interest, volume and buildup classification
  7. 7Margin, leverage and mark-to-market risk
  8. 8Settlement, price limits and exchange calendars
  9. 9Reading the Futures workspace and unavailable states
  10. 10Option contracts, rights and obligations
  11. 11Calls, puts and expiry payoff diagrams
  12. 12Strike, spot, moneyness and break-even
  13. 13Premium, intrinsic value and time value
  14. 14Bid, ask, spread, volume and contract liquidity
  15. 15Expiry, exercise, multiplier and settlement
  16. 16Reading the synchronized option chain
  17. 17Open interest, change in OI and four-way buildup
  18. 18OI PCR versus volume PCR
  19. 19Implied volatility and model inputs
  20. 20Delta, gamma, theta and vega
  21. 21Max Pain, screening and model limitations
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Financial glossary

Plain-English definitions across every market XMarketRadar covers.

Financial glossary
A–ZDocumentation index
Account, sign-in and plansAccount Adjusted versus unadjusted price historyMarket foundations ADX, DMI and trend strengthCharts and technical analysis Alerts and SMS creditsAccount Aligning dates, sources and benchmarksData Allocation, position weights and concentrationPortfolio Analyse Pairs Trading and CointegrationResearch Application, allotment, listing and milestone datesIPO and SME research Apply Multi-Factor Value Investing LensesResearch As-of, retrieval and generated timestampsData Backtests and historical observationsScreeners and scans Base currency, quote currency and pair directionCommodities and forex Benchmark selection and date alignmentFunds Benchmarks and date-aligned relative performancePortfolio Bid, ask, spread, volume and contract liquidityOptions Bollinger Bands, bandwidth and volatility squeezesCharts and technical analysis Bond identity, ISIN and issuer obligationsFixed income Bond price and yield directionFixed income Breakouts, breakdowns, retests and false movesCharts and technical analysis Broker connection and import problemsTroubleshooting Browse the market datasetsResearch Build a screener dashboardScreeners and scans Build an exact-listing evidence ledgerResearch process and behaviour Build and read screener conditionsScreeners and scans Build and Visualize Option StrategiesDerivatives Build reports in XMarket StudioResearch Calibration, baselines and honest denominatorsResearch process and behaviour Calls, puts and expiry payoff diagramsOptions Candlestick anatomy and contextCharts and technical analysis Chart templates, drawings and reproducible annotationsCharts and technical analysis Chart types, price scales and adjusted historyCharts and technical analysis Charts and indicatorsResearch Check the market holiday calendarMarkets Choose the right screener universeScreeners and scans Classify commodities and verify quote unitsCommodity intelligence Clean price, dirty price and accrued interestFixed income Commodity contract expiry, multiplier and settlementCommodities and forex Commodity identity, grade, unit and currencyCommodities and forex Compare exact listingsResearch Compare fixed depositsDeposits Complete the Personal Risk Profile AssessmentAccount Completed versus partial sessions and candlesData Conduct Corporate Event StudiesResearch Configure webhook destinationsAccount Connecting a broker safelyAccount Contango, backwardation and curve shapeFutures Corporate actions and adjusted price basesData Cost basis, lots and user-declared corporate actionsPortfolio Create a combination scanScreeners and scans Create and review alert rulesAccount Credit ratings, seniority, security and default riskFixed income Currency exposure and explicit FX conversionPortfolio Currency, unit, scale and decimal precisionData Current yield, yield to maturity and reinvestment assumptionsFixed income Customise the home dashboardBasics DCF scenarios, peer comparison and evidence limitsFinancial statements Decision signals, pending outcomes and unable outcomesResearch process and behaviour Delta, gamma, theta and vegaOptions Derived metrics, assumptions, warm-up and reproducibilityData Diversification, covariance and correlationPortfolio Dow Theory, trends, ranges and market structureCharts and technical analysis Download PDF reportsResearch Duration, convexity and rate sensitivityFixed income Economic IntelligenceResearch Estimate trade charges and breakevenMarkets ETF liquidity, premium/discount and tracking differenceFunds ETF listing identity, trading price and NAVFunds Evaluate Multi-Timeframe Indicator MatricesScreeners and scans Evidence before interpretationFinancial statements Exact listings, native currencies and holdings identityPortfolio Exchange and universe scopeMarkets Exchange identity and symbol collisionsData Exchanges, listings, tickers and provider suffixesMarket foundations Expense ratios, loads and disclosed costsFunds Expiry series, near/mid/far contracts and rollingFutures Expiry, exercise, multiplier and settlementOptions Explore theme screensScreeners and scans Face value, coupon, maturity and cash-flow scheduleFixed income Fibonacci retracements and proportional levelsCharts and technical analysis Find Statistical PeersResearch Fixed deposits, rate bands, compounding and withdrawal termsFixed income Fund screening, NFOs, documents and unavailable evidenceFunds Fund, scheme, plan, option and share-class identityFunds Futures contract identity and obligationsFutures Futures price, synchronized spot and basisFutures FX sessions, fixes, timestamps and executable-price limitsCommodities and forex FX volatility, range and drawdownCommodities and forex Getting startedBasics Global benchmarks versus MCX/NCDEX marketsCommodities and forex Growth, accumulation, IDCW and distribution classesFunds Growth, stability and multi-period trajectoryFinancial statements How the three financial statements connectFinancial statements Implied volatility and model inputsOptions Indicator settings, periods and warm-upCharts and technical analysis Indices and benchmark constructionMarket foundations Inspect Public-Official Transaction DisclosuresResearch Interpret commodity regimes and stressCommodity intelligence Investor categories and subscription-times calculationsIPO and SME research Issuer, security and exact listing identityFinancial statements Issuers, stocks, securities and asset typesMarket foundations Liquidity, leverage and solvencyFinancial statements Liquidity, settlement and source-backed pricingFixed income Listing-day evidence and post-issue historyIPO and SME research Locked features and plan entitlementsTroubleshooting Look-ahead, survivorship and parameter-fitting biasResearch process and behaviour MACD, signal line and histogramCharts and technical analysis Main Board versus SME/growth-market identityIPO and SME research Manage profile, plans and exportsAccount Mandate, category, holdings and AUMFunds Margin, leverage and mark-to-market riskFutures Margins and operating economicsFinancial statements Max Pain, screening and model limitationsOptions Movers, activity boards and liquidity filtersMarket foundations Moving averages and crossover statesCharts and technical analysis Multiple-candle patterns: engulfing, harami, gaps and star formationsCharts and technical analysis Native currency, price scale and international identityMarket foundations NAV, valuation date and publication timingFunds Navigate the Research Document VaultResearch Navigate XMarketRadarBasics Offer size, price band, face value and lot sizeIPO and SME research OHLCV invariants and ordered unique datesData OI PCR versus volume PCROptions Open interest, change in OI and four-way buildupOptions Open interest, volume and buildup classificationFutures Option contracts, rights and obligationsOptions Orders, bid, ask, spread and market depthMarket foundations Periods, fiscal years, currency, scale and filing basisFinancial statements Pin favourite pagesBasics Pivot levels, Central Pivot Range, VWAP and anchored VWAPCharts and technical analysis Plan Goals with Mutual FundsResearch Portfolio records versus brokerage accountsPortfolio Premium, intrinsic value and time valueOptions Previous close and period-labelled FX changesCommodities and forex Previous close, absolute change and percentage changeData Price bars, timeframes and completed candlesCharts and technical analysis Price, OHLCV and candle constructionMarket foundations Primary and secondary marketsMarket foundations Primary issuance and the IPO lifecycleIPO and SME research Privacy and account deletionAccount Prospectus, RHP/DRHP and source-document evidenceIPO and SME research Protect the app with app lockAccount Provider disagreement and reconciliationData Provider, licensing and jurisdiction limitationsCommodities and forex Quotes, previous close and percentage changeMarket foundations Rank listings in Factor LabResearch Read Beta and the Market ModelResearch Read FII/FPI and DII activityMarkets Read forecast calibrationResearch Read forward curves and term-structure factorsCommodity intelligence Read insider activityResearch Read Machine Learning Insights and Factor AttributionResearch Read Market DetailsMarkets Read Market Mood IndicatorsResearch Read news coverage and title analysisResearch Read Ownership flowsMarkets Read persisted AI briefingsResearch Read Popular Stocks activityMarkets Read Radar Unusual ActivityResearch Read research classificationsResearch Read Sector and Size Neutral FactorsResearch Read Smart Money deal flowMarkets Read stock factsheetsResearch Read the Indices boardMarkets Read the macro chartsResearch Read the market dashboardMarkets Read the Market Pulse summaryMarkets Read the News hubResearch Read the Radar ML shortlistResearch Read the Results dashboardResearch Read the SWOT tabResearch Read the X-Radar ScorecardResearch Read US analyst ratingsResearch Read Why it movedResearch Reading rates, inverse rates and cross-ratesCommodities and forex Reading the balance sheetFinancial statements Reading the cash-flow statementFinancial statements Reading the Futures workspace and unavailable statesFutures Reading the income statementFinancial statements Reading the synchronized option chainOptions Receive the market newsletterAccount Recency, relevance and evidence expiryResearch process and behaviour Record catalysts and risks without inferring eventsResearch process and behaviour Regional IPO differences and provider-required coverageIPO and SME research Research crypto assetsMarkets Research SME and Growth Market ListingsMarkets Research workspacesResearch Returns on capital and profitability qualityFinancial statements Review bulk and block dealsMarkets Review Center, exports, AI explanations and descriptive countsResearch process and behaviour Review company filings pagesResearch Review Corporate Capital EventsResearch Review decision-signal evidenceResearch Risk questionnaire, briefings and review cadencePortfolio RSI and Wilder momentumCharts and technical analysis Screen forensic and distress flagsResearch Screeners and saved screensResearch Search Historical Chart AnalogsResearch Search XMarketRadarBasics Sectors, breadth and heatmapsMarket foundations Seek disconfirming evidenceResearch process and behaviour Segregated portfolios and side pocketsFunds Selection, confirmation and availability biasResearch process and behaviour Separate observation, interpretation and decisionResearch process and behaviour Set up the portfolio daily digestAccount Settlement, price limits and exchange calendarsFutures Shares outstanding, dilution and per-share valuesFinancial statements Sharpe, Sortino, beta and tracking errorPortfolio Sign-in and session problemsTroubleshooting Simple return, CAGR, XIRR and time-weighted returnPortfolio Single-candle patterns: marubozu, Doji, spinning top and rejection candlesCharts and technical analysis SME financial, ownership and governance evidenceIPO and SME research Source hierarchy and primary-document verificationResearch process and behaviour Source, provider and licensing postureData Spot, reference price and futures benchmark differencesCommodities and forex Stochastic, Williams %R, CCI and Money Flow IndexCharts and technical analysis Stress scenarios, Risk Cockpit and X-ray findingsPortfolio Strike, spot, moneyness and break-evenOptions Study session gapsResearch Support, resistance and price zonesCharts and technical analysis Surveillance, pledge, dilution and risk checklistsIPO and SME research Test formulas in Alpha LabResearch Test Threshold SensitivityScreeners and scans Track disclosed investor holdingsResearch Track dividendsResearch Track Portfolio Dividend IncomeResearch Track upcoming results with Earnings RadarMarkets Trading sessions, time zones, holidays and settlementMarket foundations Trailing returns and CAGRFunds Transactions, fees, income and cash flowsPortfolio Trendlines, channels and trend structureCharts and technical analysis True range, ATR and SupertrendCharts and technical analysis Turn a question into a falsifiable thesisResearch process and behaviour Turn on mobile push notificationsAccount Underlying, price unit, lot and multiplierFutures Understand commodity-options source limitsCommodity intelligence Understand corporate actionsResearch Understand derivatives workspacesDerivatives Understand US Market Structure and Short VolumeMarkets Use Company IntelligenceResearch Use official agricultural fundamentalsCommodity intelligence Use Official DataResearch Use Scan CenterScreeners and scans Use sector analyticsResearch Use shortcuts, sharing, widgets and tablet layoutAccount Use Strategy LabScreeners and scans Use the AI & ML screener presetsScreeners and scans Use the Economic CalendarResearch Use the Financial Planning and Risk LabResearch Use the Fundamental Market MonitorResearch Use the IPO calculatorsMarkets Use the Market Activity boardsMarkets Use the Portfolio Action CenterResearch Use the Portfolio CalendarResearch Use the Research Intelligence hubResearch Use the Returns TrackerResearch Use the technical charting workspaceCharts and technical analysis Use the Technical Indicator Scanner and combine evidence responsiblyCharts and technical analysis Use XMarketRadar RadarResearch Using a watchlistResearch Valuation multiples, enterprise value and market valueFinancial statements Verify evidence and disclaimersBasics Volatility, drawdown and downside riskPortfolio Volatility, drawdown and downside statisticsFunds Volume, participation and price confirmationCharts and technical analysis What beta status meansBasics What technical analysis can and cannot tell youCharts and technical analysis When data shows a dash or unavailableTroubleshooting Yield curves, benchmarks and spreadsFixed income Zero, null, unavailable, stale and unsupportedData