Financial glossary

Provider suffixes distinguish Japanese and Korean listing identities; they are not interchangeable exchange claims.

Accrued interest is coupon interest accumulated since the prior coupon date under the security's day-count convention.

Accumulation classes reinvest under fund terms while distribution classes may pay income; they are distinct share-class identities.

An adjusted price series changes historical bars for specified corporate actions so comparisons retain a consistent basis.

An American Depositary Receipt represents an interest in shares of a non-U.S. issuer and trades in the United States.

XMarketRadar derives +DI, −DI and ADX from Wilder-smoothed directional movement and true range; ADX describes trend strength rather than direction.

An agricultural commodity is a crop, livestock or related physical product whose grades, harvest cycles and delivery rules are contract-specific.

Alpha is a model-dependent return component not explained by the selected benchmark and assumptions.

XMarketRadar's 52-week-low anchored VWAP starts at the lowest-low bar in the configured lookback and weights typical price by reported volume from that anchor.

Annual and quarterly results cover different reporting intervals and must retain period end, period type and filing context.

An area chart fills the space below a selected price line; the fill does not add market evidence.

Application Supported by Blocked Amount keeps an Indian issue application amount blocked in the investor's bank account until allotment processing.

The ask is the lowest displayed price a seller is currently offering.

Additional Surveillance Measure is an Indian exchange monitoring framework; inclusion is not itself a finding of wrongdoing.

Asset allocation groups comparable portfolio value by a stated asset, region, currency or other classification at one snapshot.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

An auditor is the identified independent firm or practitioner reporting under the applicable assurance standard and scope.

Assets under management is the stated value of assets managed by a fund or manager at a particular date.

ATR measures bar-to-bar range including overnight gaps; XMarketRadar uses Wilder's recursive smoothing.

Backwardation describes a futures curve in which later delivery prices are below nearer prices for the comparison used.

A balance sheet reports assets, liabilities and equity at a stated reporting date.

In a currency pair, one unit of the base currency is expressed in units of the quote currency.

Basic earnings per share uses the issuer's reported basic share-count basis for the stated period.

Bear market is an informal description of a broadly falling market over a stated period, not a forecast of the next move.

A benchmark is the stated reference series used for a like-period comparison; its identity and currency must be disclosed.

Beta estimates how returns varied with a selected benchmark over a stated sample; it is not the product's beta-status badge.

A beta feature is usable but still being validated for coverage, stability and interface changes.

A bhavcopy is an exchange-published end-of-session file of trading or contract data.

The bid is the highest displayed price a buyer is currently offering.

The spread is the difference between the displayed best ask and best bid.

An Indian block deal is a large trade executed through the exchange's designated block-deal mechanism under current rules.

Bollinger %B locates the close within or beyond the bands: (close − lower band) divided by (upper band − lower band).

Bollinger Bands place configurable population-standard-deviation bands around a moving average; XMarketRadar's standard setting is 20 periods and 2 deviations.

Bollinger Bandwidth expresses the distance between the upper and lower bands as a percentage of the middle band.

A bond is a debt security with contractual cash flows, maturity and issuer or guarantor credit exposure under its terms.

Bond liquidity risk is the possibility that a bond cannot be transacted promptly near a reference value because activity or depth is limited.

A bonus issue distributes additional shares to eligible holders in a stated ratio.

BVPS divides the applicable book equity by the compatible outstanding share count at a stated date.

A breakout or breakdown describes a completed-bar move beyond a disclosed prior boundary; intrabar touches can follow different rules.

An Indian bulk deal crosses the exchange-published quantity threshold for a company's listed shares during a trading day.

Bull market is an informal description of a broadly rising market over a stated period, not a universal numerical threshold.

Compound annual growth rate is the constant annual rate connecting a starting value and ending value over a stated duration.

A call gives its holder the contractual right, but not obligation, to buy or receive the stated exercise payoff under its terms.

A candlestick chart draws each OHLC bar with a body between open and close and wicks to high and low.

A candlestick pattern is a named arrangement of open, high, low and close bars; recognition is descriptive, not predictive.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

Cash settlement pays a calculated amount while physical settlement delivers or receives the specified asset under the contract rules.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

The cash-conversion cycle combines inventory, receivable and payable timing estimates under compatible definitions and periods.

A cash-flow statement classifies cash movements into operating, investing and financing activities for a stated period.

A central bank is the monetary authority identified for a currency or jurisdiction; mandates and policy instruments vary.

Central Pivot Range derives a pivot, bottom-central and top-central reference from prior-period high, low and close.

Chaikin ADL cumulatively applies the close-location multiplier to reported volume and is unavailable when required OHLCV inputs are absent.

The Chaikin oscillator subtracts the slow SMA-seeded EMA of Chaikin ADL from its fast SMA-seeded EMA.

A chart pattern is a named geometric arrangement detected under explicit rules and is descriptive rather than predictive.

A timeframe defines the duration represented by each bar; a period setting counts bars, not a fixed number of calendar days.

A circuit limit is an exchange-defined price band or market-wide threshold that can restrict trading after specified moves.

Clean price excludes accrued interest while dirty price includes it under the stated day-count convention.

A commodity is a standardized physical good or reference used in spot, forward or derivative markets under stated grade and unit conventions.

XMarketRadar compares typical price with its trailing mean and mean absolute deviation over the configured period.

A commodity contract specification defines grade, quantity, quote unit, tick, expiry, delivery and settlement rules.

A commodity contract unit states the quantity and measurement basis represented by one listed contract.

Commodity delivery follows the contract's location, quality, notice and settlement rules and cannot be inferred from an OHLC price bar.

Policy, conflict and trade disruptions can affect commodity flows; their market effect must be evidenced rather than assumed.

A commodity quote unit states the currency and physical measurement basis of a displayed price.

Seasonality and weather can affect commodity supply and demand, but an observed calendar pattern is not a guaranteed outcome.

Storage and transport costs and constraints can affect location spreads and futures curves under a disclosed market context.

Companies House is the UK corporate registry and publishes filed company records.

Compounding adds earned interest to the base on which later interest is calculated at the stated frequency.

Concentration describes how much portfolio exposure is attached to one holding, sector or other named grouping.

Configured means required settings exist; connected means current authorization to the external service also succeeds.

Consolidated statements include controlled entities under the reporting basis while standalone statements cover the reporting entity alone.

Contango describes a futures curve in which later delivery prices are above nearer prices for the comparison used.

A continuing indicator state persists across bars while a fresh signal is true only on the transition bar defined by the calculation.

A contract multiplier converts one quoted derivative point into the contract's stated monetary exposure.

A corporate action is an issuer event that can affect securities, entitlements, quantities, prices or cash flows under published terms.

Correlation measures the linear co-movement of two return series on a scale from minus one to plus one.

Cost basis is the amount allocated to a holding or lot after user-declared transactions and applicable corporate-action adjustments.

Cost of carry describes financing, storage, income and other disclosed components used to relate spot and forward or futures prices.

Cost of goods sold is the filing-reported direct cost associated with goods or services sold under the issuer's accounting presentation.

A bond coupon is the contractual interest payment basis stated for the security.

Covariance measures how two synchronized return series vary together in the scale implied by their return units.

Consumer price inflation measures change in a published consumer basket index over a stated comparison period.

A credit rating is an agency's opinion under its own scale; symbols are not directly interchangeable across agencies.

A credit spread is a yield difference against a disclosed reference curve for compatible maturity and currency.

A cross rate is an exchange rate between two currencies derived or quoted without using the local reference currency as one side.

Currency identifies the monetary unit while scale states whether a filing amount is units, thousands, millions or another published basis.

A base currency appreciates when the quoted pair rate rises and depreciates when it falls, with direction reversed for the quote currency.

Currency conversion applies an exact directed exchange rate, observation time and disclosed fees to a monetary amount.

Currency exposure groups portfolio value or risk by the exact native or converted currency basis disclosed by the view.

A currency pair identifies exact base and quote currencies in a fixed direction.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

Debt issued and repaid are financing cash flows for borrowing proceeds and principal repayments under the filing presentation.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

Default risk is the possibility that an obligor fails to make contractual payments or otherwise breaches debt terms.

Option delta is the modelled change in option value for a small change in the underlying, holding other inputs constant.

Deposit interest is the contractual amount earned under the stated rate, day count, compounding and payout terms.

Maturity is the date or term endpoint when deposit principal and applicable interest become payable under the product terms.

Principal is the original amount placed in a deposit before interest, withdrawals, tax or fees.

Depreciation and amortisation allocate the recorded cost of tangible and intangible assets over applicable periods.

A derivative is a contract whose value or cash flows depend on a stated underlying, reference or event under published terms.

Contract or lot size states the standardized quantity represented by one derivative contract under the exchange specification.

Derivative margin is collateral required under exchange, clearing or broker rules and is not the same as contract value or maximum loss.

Diluted earnings per share reflects reported potentially dilutive instruments under the issuer's accounting standard.

Direct and inverse quotes reverse the pair direction; one rate is the reciprocal of the other only at the same observation and compatible basis.

Direct and regular plans are distinct fund plan identities whose distribution arrangements and expenses can differ.

Divergence describes price and an indicator moving differently over a selected comparison; interpretation depends on method and period.

Diversification spreads exposure across holdings or risk drivers; it does not eliminate market loss.

A dividend is a distribution declared by an issuer to eligible holders.

Dividend yield divides a stated dividend amount or rate by an exact listing price under a disclosed trailing or forward convention.

Dividends paid is the cash-flow statement amount distributed to eligible equity holders during the stated period.

Doji and spinning-top candidates have a small real body relative to range; their threshold and preceding context must be stated.

XMarketRadar uses prior-window highest high and lowest low, excluding the current bar from its own breakout comparison.

DEMA combines a SMA-seeded EMA and an EMA of that EMA as 2×EMA − EMA-of-EMA.

Dow Theory is a historical framework for describing trend horizons, swing structure and confirmation across compatible market series.

Drawdown is the decline from a prior peak to a later trough or current value over a stated series and period.

A Draft Red Herring Prospectus is a preliminary Indian public-offer document filed before final issue details are complete.

Duration measures the timing of bond cash flows and, in modified form, approximates price sensitivity to yield changes.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

Earnings yield expresses earnings relative to price or market value on a disclosed basis and period.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

EBITDA margin expresses compatible EBITDA as a percentage of revenue for the same reporting period.

EDGAR is the SEC's public system for company and regulated-entity filings.

An energy commodity is a fuel or power-related physical product whose location, quality and delivery timing materially affect its price.

Engulfing and harami patterns compare the ordered real-body boundaries and direction of two completed candles.

Enterprise value combines equity market value with disclosed debt-like claims and cash adjustments under a stated scope.

A creation unit is the large block in which authorised participants normally create or redeem ETF shares with the fund.

ETF market price is exchange-traded while NAV is the fund's published per-unit value; premiums and discounts compare synchronized observations.

EV/EBITDA compares disclosed enterprise value with EBITDA from a compatible period and definition.

The ex-date is the date from which a purchase normally no longer carries entitlement to the declared dividend.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

An exchange is an organized venue with rules for listing and trading identified instruments.

An ETF is a fund whose shares trade on an exchange while the fund also publishes NAV evidence under its rules.

An exit load is a fund charge that may apply when units are redeemed within specified conditions or time periods.

The expense ratio expresses recurring fund operating expenses as a proportion of average assets under the stated methodology.

Expiry is the date or session when a derivative contract expires under its contract specification.

XMarketRadar's EMA seeds with the first N-value SMA and then updates recursively with greater weight on recent values.

An Indian derivative enters the ban period when exchange-wide open interest crosses the published market-wide position-limit threshold.

Face value is the contractual principal amount used for redemption and often coupon calculation, distinct from market price.

The Financial Conduct Authority regulates financial services and markets conduct in the United Kingdom.

A Fibonacci retracement is a proportional chart annotation calculated between two user-selected price anchors; it is not an exchange-published level.

A filing source identifies the exchange, regulator or issuer document from which a reported value was persisted.

Finance costs are filing-reported interest and related financing expenses for the stated period.

Financing cash flow reports cash movements with capital providers under the filing's classification.

Fixed assets are filing-reported long-lived tangible operating assets under the issuer's accounting presentation.

A fixed deposit places principal with a deposit-taking institution for stated interest, maturity and withdrawal terms; it is not an exchange-listed bond.

Foreign exchange is the market and process for expressing and exchanging one currency against another.

Forex session labels group activity by major financial centres even though the global market spans overlapping time zones.

Form 10-K is a U.S. annual report filed with the SEC under applicable requirements.

Form 10-Q is a U.S. quarterly report filed with the SEC under applicable requirements.

Form 8-K reports specified material U.S. company events within the applicable filing timetable.

Forward points are added to or subtracted from a spot reference under the stated quote convention to obtain a forward rate.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

Free float is the portion of shares considered available for public trading under the venue or index provider's rules.

FCF yield compares free cash flow with a disclosed equity-value or enterprise-value denominator.

Free-float market capitalisation applies the methodology provider's eligible float factor to listing market value.

Fund drawdown measures decline from a prior NAV or price peak while risk depends on the stated return series, window and method.

Futures basis is the difference between a futures price and the referenced spot or cash price.

A futures contract is a standardized exchange-listed agreement for a specified underlying, expiry, contract unit and settlement; its price applies to that exact contract.

Rollover describes closing or expiring one futures maturity and taking exposure in another; volume shifts do not prove one participant's action.

Option gamma is the modelled rate of change of delta as the underlying changes.

GBp denotes pence while GBP denotes pounds sterling; 100 GBp equals GBP 1.

Gross domestic product measures the value of final goods and services produced in an economy over a stated period under national-accounting rules.

These labels commonly describe fresh 50/200-session moving-average crossovers; a continuing state is not another fresh cross.

Goodwill is an acquisition-related balance recognized under applicable accounting rules and is distinct from other identifiable intangibles.

Option Greeks are local sensitivities produced by a disclosed model and inputs; they are not guaranteed realized price changes.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

Gross profit is revenue less reported cost of goods sold when both are available on a compatible basis.

Growth options retain returns in NAV while distribution options can make declared payouts under fund terms; they are distinct identities.

Graded Surveillance Measure applies staged exchange controls to specified Indian securities; inclusion is not itself a finding of wrongdoing.

Hammer and hanging-man candidates can share long-lower-wick geometry but use different preceding-trend context.

Historical volatility is annualized population standard deviation of logarithmic observed returns over a stated window and is not implied volatility.

XMarketRadar estimates the rolling Hurst exponent from 100 closing-price bars using classical rescaled-range analysis over log returns. Values below 0.5 describe anti-persistence, values near 0.5 are consistent with randomness, and values above 0.5 describe persistence. Treat it as finite-sample regime evidence, not a significance test, forecast, or trading instruction.

Ichimoku uses configured high-low midpoints for Tenkan, Kijun and cloud spans; XMarketRadar requires the disclosed warm-up before cloud position is available.

India's Index of Industrial Production measures output changes for a published industrial basket.

An illiquid market has limited tradable depth or activity and can exhibit wider spreads and greater price impact.

Implied volatility is the volatility input that makes an option-pricing model match a stated option price.

An income statement reports revenue, expenses and profit or loss for a stated reporting period and accounting basis.

An index fund seeks to track a specified index while an active fund follows manager-selected holdings and decisions.

Warm-up is the minimum valid history required before an indicator can publish a value under its implemented convention.

An industry is a more specific business classification within a named taxonomy and can differ across providers.

Intangible assets are identifiable non-physical assets recognized under the applicable accounting rules.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

An interest-rate differential compares rates for two currencies on compatible horizons and can contribute to forward pricing under stated assumptions.

Interest-rate risk is sensitivity of fixed-income value to changes in relevant rates and curves under stated assumptions.

Option premium can be described as intrinsic value plus remaining time value under the selected price and exercise convention.

Inventory is the filing-reported carrying amount of goods and materials held under the issuer's accounting policy.

Inventory turnover compares a disclosed cost or sales numerator with inventory under a stated average or period-end convention.

Investing cash flow reports cash movements for investments and long-lived assets under the filing's classification.

A price band is the published lower and upper application-price range for a book-built issue.

Subscription times is demand received divided by securities offered for a stated investor category and observation time.

A Kagi line turns only when price reverses by a configured percentage, absolute or ATR threshold, and switches between a thin yin and a thick yang line when it breaks the previous waist or shoulder.

KAMA changes its recursive smoothing constant using an efficiency ratio over the configured window.

XMarketRadar centers Keltner bands on an SMA-seeded EMA and places them at the configured multiple of Wilder ATR.

Korea Exchange operates Korean securities and derivatives markets, including KOSPI and KOSDAQ listings.

Commodity fields remain unavailable when an official or licensed feed and redistribution permission are not configured.

A limit order specifies a worst permitted price but does not guarantee execution; XMarketRadar does not place orders.

A line chart connects one selected price value per interval and omits the other OHLC dimensions.

The channel fits a least-squares line to the selected price window and places bands at a configured multiple of population residual deviation.

Liquidity describes how readily an instrument can trade without a large price impact.

A listing is one security admitted to one exact venue; the same issuer can have multiple non-interchangeable listings.

Lot size is the required trading or application quantity increment for an instrument or issue.

The London Stock Exchange is a UK securities venue with multiple markets and segments.

Moving Average Convergence Divergence compares exponential moving averages and commonly includes a signal-line EMA and histogram.

Major, minor and emerging-market are market conventions for currency pairs, not guarantees of liquidity or risk.

Mark to market revalues a position using the applicable reference price and records variation under the contract's settlement process.

Market capitalisation is share price multiplied by the applicable outstanding share count.

Market depth is displayed quantity across price levels at an observation time and remains unavailable without an authorized feed.

A market holiday is an exchange-calendar date without the normal trading session; a weekday alone does not prove a venue was open.

A market index is a rules-based measure of a specified basket or market segment under its provider's methodology.

A market order requests execution at available prices and does not guarantee the displayed quote; XMarketRadar does not place orders.

Market price is the stated traded, quoted or reference price for an exact instrument, venue and observation time.

A Marubozu candidate has a large real body and minimal upper and lower wicks under disclosed body-to-range tolerances.

An MCX contract is a commodity derivative listed by Multi Commodity Exchange of India under a published contract specification.

A metals commodity is a precious, base or ferrous metal reference with specified quality, unit and delivery conventions.

MiFID II is the European Union framework covering investment services, trading venues, transparency and investor protection.

MFI is a bounded price-and-volume oscillator built from typical price, signed raw money flow and a configured lookback.

Morning- and evening-star candidates compare three completed candles using disclosed body, gap and third-candle penetration rules.

A moving average smooths a price series over a selected period; simple and exponential methods weight observations differently.

A crossover occurs when one configured moving-average series moves from one side of another to the other side on a completed bar.

A mutual fund pools assets under a stated mandate and issues units or shares valued and transacted under its fund rules.

Net asset value is a fund's assets less liabilities, usually expressed per unit under the fund's valuation rules.

Near and far label relative futures expiries and must retain each exact contract month and specification.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

Net debt commonly describes borrowings less reported cash and cash equivalents under a disclosed scope.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

XMarketRadar expresses Wilder ATR as a percentage of the same bar's positive close; it is unavailable for a zero or missing close.

NYSE and Nasdaq are distinct U.S. listing venues with different market models and symbol identity must retain the actual venue.

An OHLC bar records the open, high, low and close for one stated interval and exchange session.

Open interest is the number of derivative contracts reported as open rather than closed or expired.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

Operating expenses are filing-reported costs of operations under the issuer's presentation and can exclude separately shown finance or tax items.

Operating margin expresses compatible operating profit as a percentage of revenue for the same reporting period.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

Option break-even is the underlying price at expiry that offsets the stated premium under a simplified payoff, before costs and other effects.

Option build-up labels combinations of observed option price and open-interest changes over a stated comparison; it is descriptive, not a forecast.

The buyer pays premium for the contractual right while the writer assumes the corresponding obligation under the option terms.

An option chain groups listed calls and puts by underlying, expiry and strike.

Exercise style states when an option may be exercised, such as American or European style, under the contract specification.

Moneyness compares an option strike with the underlying reference price to label in-, at- or out-of-the-money under the stated call or put convention.

Option premium is the quoted or paid price for an option contract, distinct from strike, underlying price and contract multiplier.

Max pain is a descriptive strike calculation over stated open-interest assumptions and is not a forecast of expiry price.

An over-the-counter market facilitates trading outside a national securities exchange order book.

Other income is filing-reported income outside the issuer's main operating revenue classification.

The U.S. pattern day trader designation is a broker-dealer margin-account rule with eligibility and equity requirements under current regulation.

Payable days estimates payment time using payables and a compatible purchase or cost basis over a stated day-count convention.

Payables are filing-reported amounts owed by the issuer, commonly including trade and other current obligations.

PEG compares a stated P/E with a stated earnings-growth rate; period, units and estimate status must be disclosed.

A pip is a conventional quote increment for a currency pair; decimal placement depends on the pair and venue convention.

A pipette is a fractional pip, commonly one tenth of the pair's conventional pip, subject to provider precision.

Classic pivot points derive reference coordinates from a prior completed period's high, low and close under a stated formula.

A Purchasing Managers' Index summarises survey responses, commonly with 50 as the no-change threshold under that survey's methodology.

Point-and-figure charts record price reversals in columns and generally omit uniform time spacing.

A corporate-action adjustment changes declared lot quantity or cost basis according to the recorded event without inventing an issuer event.

Portfolio return compares value and compatible cash flows over a stated period; absolute return is the unannualised percentage change for that interval.

Position weight is one holding's value divided by the comparable total portfolio value for a stated snapshot.

Premature withdrawal closes or reduces a deposit before maturity and can change the applicable rate or incur a stated charge.

A price bar groups verified price observations for one interval and exchange session, commonly as open, high, low and close.

A price gap is a disclosed separation between consecutive bars or bodies on one consistent price basis; corporate actions and missing sessions must be excluded.

A price limit is a venue-defined restriction on permitted prices or moves under the applicable rule and session.

Momentum describes price change over a configured number of bars; ROC is the percentage form implemented in the screener.

P/B compares listing price or market value with book equity on a disclosed per-share or aggregate basis.

P/E divides an exact listing price by earnings per share on a disclosed trailing, forward or other basis.

P/S compares listing market value with revenue for a stated period and share-count basis.

The primary market issues securities to investors; the secondary market transfers already-issued securities between market participants.

Profit or loss is a signed monetary or percentage result for a stated holding, period, currency and cost basis.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

A put gives its holder the contractual right, but not obligation, to sell or receive the stated exercise payoff under its terms.

A put-call ratio divides a stated put measure by the comparable call measure, commonly volume or open interest, for one scope and time.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

A range bar closes once the span it has covered between its own high and low reaches a configured percentage, absolute or ATR-based range, so oscillation completes a bar even when net movement would not.

ROC expresses the selected price's percentage change from the value a configured number of bars earlier.

A read-only broker connection can retrieve supported account data but cannot place, modify or cancel orders.

A realized gain follows a matched disposal while an unrealized gain compares current value with the remaining cost basis under the stated method.

Rebalancing changes portfolio weights toward a chosen allocation policy; XMarketRadar records research and does not place the trades.

Receivable days estimates collection time using receivables and a compatible revenue basis over a stated day-count convention.

Receivables are amounts filing-reported as owed to the issuer, with classification and allowances retained from the source.

The record date is when the issuer determines holders of record for a corporate action.

XMarketRadar compares the latest reported volume with the average of the preceding configured volumes, using 20 sessions by default.

Renko records price bricks using a configured percentage, absolute or ATR-based box and does not treat uniform time as the horizontal unit.

The policy repo rate is the rate used in a central bank's specified repurchase facility; institutional details vary by country.

A reporting date is the endpoint of evidence while a reporting period is the interval covered; they must not be treated as interchangeable.

Reserves are filing-reported equity components whose purpose and availability depend on their legal and accounting classification.

A restatement revises previously reported financial information and can change historical comparisons without a new trading period.

Retained earnings are cumulative profits and losses retained in equity after applicable distributions and adjustments.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

Option rho is a model estimate of option-value sensitivity to a stated interest-rate change while other model inputs are held constant.

A Red Herring Prospectus is an Indian public-offer document containing the issuer and offer disclosures available at that stage.

A rights issue offers eligible holders the right to subscribe for additional securities under published terms.

A risk-free rate is the disclosed reference rate used by a model for a matching currency and horizon.

A risk-to-reward ratio compares a hypothetical adverse distance with a hypothetical favourable distance under explicitly stated references and costs.

A Regulatory News Service announcement distributes regulated and company news for UK market participants.

The Relative Strength Index is a bounded momentum oscillator; XMarketRadar uses Wilder's recursive smoothing.

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is the federal securities-market regulator.

A sector is a broad issuer classification under a named taxonomy and source.

Sector exposure groups classified holdings by one canonical sector vocabulary while reporting unclassified holdings separately.

A security is a financial instrument with legal and economic terms, identity and applicable market rules.

SEDAR+ is Canada's system for filing, disclosing and searching securities-regulatory information.

The settlement cycle is the timetable for exchanging securities and cash after a trade.

A buyback is an issuer program to repurchase its own shares under the applicable rules.

Share capital is the filing-reported issued capital under the issuer's legal and accounting basis.

Share issuance and buyback cash flows report cash received from issuing equity and cash used to repurchase it under the filing classification.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

The Sharpe ratio divides excess return by return volatility using a stated period and risk-free-rate convention.

Short- and long-term debt separate borrowings by the filing's current and non-current classification.

A sideways market describes price moving within a selected range without a sustained directional trend under the stated method.

SMA is the arithmetic mean of the last N selected values and is unavailable until the full window exists.

Slippage is the difference between a reference or expected execution price and the actual execution price under a stated method.

An SME or growth platform is a venue segment with its own eligibility, disclosure and trading conventions.

The Sortino ratio compares excess return with downside deviation under a disclosed target, frequency and annualisation convention.

A spot rate applies to the stated prompt settlement basis while a forward rate applies to a specified later settlement date.

Spot refers to the cash or prompt market while a futures price applies to a standardised contract for a specified expiry.

Spot price is the stated current cash or prompt-market reference for an underlying and must be synchronized before comparison with derivatives.

XMarketRadar's chart study uses trailing population standard deviation with divisor N over a complete selected-price window.

XMarketRadar locates close within the configured high-low range, then applies the configured smoothing to %K and %D; a zero-width range is unavailable.

XMarketRadar applies the stochastic range calculation to Wilder RSI values and returns unavailable for a zero-width RSI window.

A stock split changes shares outstanding and price per share proportionally without itself changing total holder value.

A stock or equity represents an ownership interest in an issuer; a share is one unit of that interest under the security's terms.

The strike is the contract price at which an option's stated exercise right applies.

Securities Transaction Tax is an Indian tax applied to specified securities transactions under current law.

Supertrend is an ATR-based trailing band that XMarketRadar labels Bullish when its active line is below price and Bearish when the active line is above price.

Support and resistance label price areas where prior trading behaviour is studied; they are not guaranteed barriers.

T1 quantity commonly labels recently purchased Indian shares awaiting settlement and therefore not yet fully available as settled holdings.

Tax expense is the filing-reported current and deferred tax charge or credit for the stated period.

Option theta is the modelled change in option value as time passes, holding other inputs constant.

A tick-size tier sets the minimum permitted price increment, often based on price, venue or security class.

A ticker is a venue- or provider-scoped identifier; provider suffixes preserve listing identity and must not be treated as decoration.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

This filing metric has its canonical definition in the Financial Metric Guide.

Tracking difference is fund return minus benchmark return over the same period, distinct from the variability measured by tracking error.

Tracking error measures the variability of a fund's returns relative to its benchmark returns over a stated method and period.

A trading session is the exchange-local interval and calendar used to group eligible trades and bars.

Trailing P/E uses historical earnings while forward P/E uses explicitly estimated future earnings; their evidence bases are not interchangeable.

A trendline is a user-drawn or calculated line connecting selected price points and is an annotation rather than verified future support.

TEMA combines three successive SMA-seeded EMA stages as 3×EMA − 3×EMA-of-EMA + third EMA.

The Tokyo Stock Exchange is operated within Japan Exchange Group and uses exact listed-issue identity.

TSX and TSX Venture Exchange are distinct Canadian listing venues and must retain their venue identity.

A Unique Client Code identifies a client in Indian exchange and broker records.

A dash means a value is absent, unsupported, stale under the screen's rules or not computable from verified inputs; it does not mean zero.

The underlying is the asset, rate, index or reference to which a derivative contract is linked.

Value at Risk is a modelled loss threshold for a stated confidence level, horizon and return method; it is not a maximum possible loss.

Option vega is the modelled sensitivity of option value to a change in implied volatility.

A volatile market shows comparatively large or frequent return variation over a stated window and frequency.

Volatility measures variation in returns over a stated frequency and window, often annualised.

XMarketRadar labels compression when Bollinger Bands sit within the configured Keltner Channel and identifies release on the transition out of compression.

Volume is the quantity traded during a stated period.

Volume indicators transform reported price and volume under named conventions and remain unavailable when trustworthy volume is missing.

Volume-weighted average price weights traded prices by their reported volume over a stated period.

A weighted moving average applies a disclosed weight sequence to the selected trailing values rather than equal SMA weights.

XMarketRadar locates close in the configured high-low window on a scale from −100 at the low to 0 at the high.

Working capital is current assets less current liabilities on a compatible reporting-date basis.

Wholesale Price Index inflation measures change in a published wholesale-price basket and is used in India.

XIRR is the annualised internal rate of return for irregularly dated cash flows and a final value.

A yield curve plots yields against maturities for a defined issuer, credit class or market at a stated time.

Yield to maturity is the discount rate that equates a bond's price with scheduled cash flows if stated assumptions hold.

ZigZag records confirmed price pivots after a configured percentage, absolute or ATR-based reversal and does not invent intrabar high-low ordering.