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Single-candle patterns: marubozu, Doji, spinning top and rejection candles
अद्ययावत 4 ऑगस्ट 2026 · 3 मिनिटांचे वाचन · 14 अनुक्रमणिका
सोप्या भाषेतील अर्थ
Single-candle names classify body and wick proportions. Marubozu describes a dominant body with minimal wicks; Doji describes open and close that are nearly equal; spinning top has a small body with meaningful wicks; hammer-family labels add location and preceding-trend conditions.
Learning objectives #
You should be able to define patterns with tolerances instead of pixel impressions, distinguish identical shapes by context, and explain why hammer, hanging man and shooting star cannot be identified from geometry alone.
Core concept #
Use ratios scaled by candle range or ATR. A practical research definition might call body/range at least 0.8 a marubozu candidate and body/range at most 0.1 a Doji candidate, but those thresholds must be disclosed. A hammer-shaped bar requires a small upper wick and lower wick substantially larger than its body after a decline; the same shape after a rise receives a different contextual label.
Method and conventions #
Define the preceding trend window, pattern thresholds and confirmation rule before scanning. Evaluate only completed candles. Compare range with ATR so a tiny low-activity candle is not treated as equivalent to a meaningful rejection bar.
Use it in XMarketRadar #
Inspect exact OHLC on the chart and use Screener only if its named pattern exposes the same documented rule. Open the underlying listing for every match. Treat the label as a candidate for review, not as an instruction.
Worked example #
A candle with O=100, H=101, L=92 and C=99 has body 1, lower wick 7 and upper wick 1. It is hammer-shaped by a two-times-body lower-wick rule. Calling it a hammer also requires a documented prior decline; after an advance the identical geometry may be called a hanging-man candidate.
How to interpret it #
Doji and spinning tops describe balance within one interval, while marubozu describes directional open-to-close movement. Neither automatically means reversal or continuation. Subsequent bars can provide additional observations but cannot retroactively guarantee the pattern's interpretation.
Limitations and common mistakes #
Exact equality between open and close is too strict for most instruments; uncontrolled tolerance is too loose. Other errors include ignoring gaps, using partial bars, naming every long lower wick a hammer and comparing shapes without normalising for volatility.
Market-specific differences #
Price limits, auctions and tick size affect candle shapes across venues. A two-tick body can be proportionally large in one instrument and negligible in another, so thresholds should be scale-aware.
Key takeaway #
Key takeaway: single-candle patterns are rule-based classifications combining geometry with location; the name alone supplies no outcome probability.
Practice exercise #
Practice: write explicit ratio and trend rules for a hammer candidate, test them on ten completed candles, and record borderline cases rather than rounding them into matches.
Educational use only #
This chapter is descriptive education. It is not investment advice, a price prediction, a recommendation, a claim of predictive accuracy, or an instruction to buy, sell, rebalance or place an order.